Magnesium Deficiency and Metabolic Syndrome Among Egyptian Type 2 Diabetic Patients,MOHSEN KHALID, MOHAMED H. MAHFOUZ, AYAT I. GHANEM, GHADA A. OMAR and GHADA HUSSEIN
Abstract
Background: Magnesium deficiency has been associated with insulin resistance (IR) and increased risk for type 2 diabetes in adults.
Aim of Work: This study was designed to evaluate the association between magnesium deficiency and metabolic syndrome in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients, and its potential association with IR.
Subjects and Methods: The study included 100 Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients (58 females, 42 males) attending the outpatient clinics of NIDE and 50 normal controls. Blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, FBS, HBA1c, lipid profile, fasting insulin level, urea, creatinine, uric acid. microalbuminurea and Serum Magnesium were measured. Fundus examination, chest X-ray and ECG were performed for all subjects and echocardiography was done when indicated.
Results: According to IDF criteria of metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome was found in 49% of patients with type 2 diabetes included in the study. Serum magnesium was significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients (1.87±0.26mg/dl, means ± SD) compared with the control subjects (2.22± 0.15mg/dl) (p<0.001) being lower in patients having metabolic syndrome (1.78±0.13mg/dl), than patients without metabolic syndrome (1.99±0.09mg/dl) (p<0.01). Serum magnesium was inversely correlated with waist circumference in men (r=–0.51; p<0.01), waist circumference in women (r=–0.42; p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=–0.43; p<0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r=–0.45; p<0.01), fasting plasma glucose (r=–0.48; p<0.01), triglycerides level (r=–0.42; p<0.01), fasting insulin (rs=–0.36; p<0.01) and HOMA (–0.32; p<0.01). There was also a high statistically significant positive correlation between serum magnesium level and HDL-C (r=+0.49; p<0.0 1).
Conclusion : There was an association between Magnesium Deficiency and the presence of metabolic syndrome and IR in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients. Magnesium supplemen-tation or increased intake of magnesium-rich foods may be an important tool in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.